Breastmilk is considered the ideal food for infants in their first 6 months of life. It provides all the nutrients that an infant needs for healthy growth and development. Breastmilk is easily digestible for babies and contains antibodies that help boost their immune system. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for about 6 months, followed by continued breastfeeding as complementary foods are introduced, for at least 1 year and beyond as mutually desired by mother and baby.
Breastmilk Composition Changes to United States Infant Nutrition
The composition of breastmilk changes over time to meet the evolving needs of the growing baby. Colostrum, produced in the first few days after delivery, is rich in proteins and immunologic components to boost the newborn’s immunity. Transitional milk, produced 2-5 days postpartum, increases milk volume. Mature breastmilk, produced after about 1 week, contains balanced levels of fat, carbohydrates, and protein to support optimal growth and development in older infants. Even the fat content of breastmilk adjusts according to whether the baby is born early or late – milk for preterm babies contains more fat for caloric needs.
Importance Of Nutrients In Breastmilk
– Carbohydrates in the form of lactose provide a readily available source of energy. Lactose also promotes calcium absorption.
– Protein in breastmilk is highly digestible with optimum levels of essential amino acids required for tissue growth.
– Fat content of breastmilk ensures adequate calorie intake and fatty acid composition supports eye and brain development.
– Vitamins and minerals in breastmilk, like iron, aid metabolic functions and prevent deficiencies.
– Probiotics and prebiotics promote gut and immune system maturation.
– Growth factors and immunoglobulins assist gastrointestinal and respiratory health.
Introducing Solid Foods At Around 6 Months
Around 6 months of age, solid foods are gradually introduced while continuing breastfeedings. These first solid foods should be iron-fortified single-grain cereals, pureed fruits and vegetables. Food allergies are less likely to develop in breastfed babies. Iron-rich baby foods help meet the increased iron needs as babies become more active. Texture and taste exposures at this age also help develop acceptance of family foods later on. Introduction of potentially allergenic solid foods like eggs, nuts and fish can usually wait till 6-8 months.
Cow’s milk is not recommended as a main drink before 12 months due to concerns of nutrient deficiencies and food allergies.
As the baby approaches their first birthday, they can eat more table foods prepared for the family. However, choaking hazards like nuts, seeds, whole grapes need to be avoided or appropriately modified. Sodium, added sugar and saturated fat in store-bought baby meals should be limited. Offering a variety of healthy home-cooked foods without pressure helps babies learn self-feeding skills. Continued breastfeeding for at least the first year provides nutritional and immunological support during this transition phase. Proper table manners and positive mealtime experiences set the stage for healthy eating habits.