E-rickshaws, also known as electric rickshaws, are battery-powered three-wheeled vehicles used for public transportation in many cities across India. They provide an eco-friendly alternative to manually pedaled rickshaws and have emerged as a popular mode of transport for short commutes within cities. E-rickshaws are much more comfortable for passengers than manually operated rickshaws as they do not require physical exertion from the driver. They can carry 2-4 passengers and have a maximum speed of around 25 km/h.
History and development of E-Rickshaw
The concept of electrically powered rickshaws first emerged in the late 1990s in India. Early prototypes were modified bicycles and manually pedaled rickshaws retrofitted with electric motors and batteries. However, these early models faced issues with battery capacity and motor efficiency. Improved lithium-ion battery technology in the 2000s led to more practical E-rickshaw designs. By 2010, a new generation of specifically designed E-rickshaws started appearing on Indian roads. Their popularity rose sharply due to lower operating costs compared to autos and fuel-based vehicles. Several state governments also encouraged E-rickshaw adoption through subsidies under non-motorized vehicle policies. Today, thousands of E-rickshaws ply on the streets of major cities.
Benefits of E-Rickshaws
Convenience and affordability: E-Rickshaw can maneuver easily in traffic and access narrow lanes, making them convenient for last-mile connectivity. A typical ride costs fraction of taxi or auto fares, bringing individual commutes within economic reach of many.
Reduce traffic congestion and pollution: With a carrying capacity of 2-4 passengers, E-rickshaws help reduce the number of vehicles on roads. Being electric, they do not contribute to air and noise pollution. This makes them suitable for public transportation in dense urban areas.
Employment opportunities: E-rickshaw driving provides sustainable livelihoods, especially for the disadvantaged sections of society. It is estimated that over 500,000 people are employed as E-rickshaw drivers across India.
Energy efficiency: Advanced lead-acid or lithium-ion batteries in modern E-rickshaws have a range of 60-100 km on a single charge. They save fossil fuels compared to conventional vehicles when used for short commutes within cities.
Comfortable riding experience: In contrast to manually operated rickshaws, E-rickshaw passengers experience a smoother ride without jerks or requiring extra physical exertion from drivers.
Issues faced by E-Rickshaw
Despite the benefits, the E-rickshaw industry faces certain challenges that need to be addressed for its long term growth:
Lack of standardization: Absence of industry standards has led to variation in vehicle quality and safety aspects. Substandard e-rickshaws flood the, posing risks.
Inadequate infrastructure: Factors like limited battery charging stations and non-availability of parking spaces create operational difficulties for drivers.
Restrictive policies: Some cities prohibit entry of E-rickshaws into certain areas owing to concerns over traffic and road width. Such policies curb their last-mile potential.
High upfront costs: The initial investment cost of around Rs. 1-1.5 lakhs to purchase an E-rickshaw is high for many entrepreneurs. Access to affordable financing is limited.
Road accidents: Overloading and reckless driving by some operators have resulted in accidents in the past. Improved enforcement of safety regulations is required.
Future outlook for E-Rickshaws
While challenges remain, the future looks bright for E-rickshaws if key stakeholders cooperate. State governments promoting conversion of manually operated rickshaws to E-rickshaws through incentive-based scrappage programs can boost sustainable transportation. Manufacturers enhancing vehicle quality through indigenous R&D and global technology tie-ups will make E-rickshaw more durable. Financiers offering schemes tailored to the cash flows of driver-owners can improve financing access. Capacity building programs for safety training of operators and wider public awareness on rules of riding can curb accidents. With systematic efforts across policy, manufacturing and financing spheres, E-rickshaws are well positioned to become a mainstay of urban mobility in India. Their people-friendly and environmentally sustainable nature makes them perfectly suited for bridging the ‘last mile’ connectivity gaps in rapidly urbanizing cities worldwide.
*Note:
1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research
2. We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it.
About Author - Vaagisha Singh
Vaagisha brings over three years of expertise as a content editor in the market research domain. Originally a creative writer, she discovered her passion for editing, combining her flair for writing with a meticulous eye for detail. Her ability to craft and refine compelling content makes her an invaluable asset in delivering polished and engaging write-ups. LinkedIn