A recent study has highlighted the progress and challenges associated with silicon-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The research, published in Industrial Chemistry & Materials, discusses various chemical modifications that have shown promise in improving the stability and electrochemical performance of silicon-based anodes.
Silicon-based anodes are considered a potential alternative to traditional graphite anodes due to their high capacity and abundance. However, they face several obstacles that need to be overcome before widespread practical use can be achieved. These challenges include significant volume expansion, lower ionic conductivity, limited areal capacity, and inconsistent kinetics during the delithiation/lithiation process.
To address these issues, researchers have explored different strategies such as material engineering, surface/interface engineering, and binder/electrolyte optimization. These approaches aim to enhance the Li+ kinetics, structural stability, and volume control throughout the battery’s charging and discharging cycles.
One area of focus is the role of binders in improving the performance of silicon-based anodes. Although the impact of binders on these anode materials is currently insignificant, developing new types of binders that can broaden the half-cell to full-cell of LIBs may reveal their potential impact. The synthesis process of current binders is also complex, limiting their commercial viability and further improvement. The newly developed binders should exhibit high ionic conductivity, reversible capacity, and compatibility with both silicon-based and graphite-based anodes.
Another approach being explored is the use of hybrid composites, where silicon is doped with other materials. These composites have shown promise in enhancing conductivity, ensuring structural integrity, increasing tap density and areal capacity, and stabilizing the formation of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI). The preparation of these composites involves considering factors like particle size, morphology, and coating to meet the desired requirements.
Furthermore, electrolytes play a crucial role in improving the performance of silicon-based anodes. While liquid electrolytes are commonly used, recent developments in solid-state electrolytes have shown potential in enhancing the outcomes of silicon-based anodes. Solid-state electrolytes should possess appropriate physical and electrochemical properties, as well as consider factors such as cost, energy, and safety. Incorporating safety measures into new findings is crucial to ensure the protection of lithium-ion batteries from potential hazards.
Overall, silicon-based anode materials have made significant progress in recent years. However, there are still obstacles to overcome before they can be commercially viable and widely adopted. The research discussed in this review provides valuable insights into the advancements and challenges associated with silicon-based anodes, paving the way for future innovations and commercialization.
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1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research
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