History and Development
Condoms have been in use for centuries now. Ancient Egyptians, Romans, Greeks and Chinese used animal intestine and plant material to create early condoms. These condoms were made up of materials like goat intestine, lamb intestine or even animal bladders. The first condom made from vulcanized rubber was developed by Goodyear in 1855. But mass production began in 1920s and availability increased due to social acceptability during the sexual revolution of 1960s. Advancements in material sciences have since led to condom made from latex which provide enhanced safety against STDs/STIs as compared to earlier versions. Today condoms are available in a wide variety of styles, sizes, textures and flavors.
Various Types and Their Uses
Latex Condoms made from natural rubber latex are the most commonly available type. They provide maximum protection against unwanted pregnancy and STDs if used properly. However, latex allergy is a contraindication for their use. Lambskin or polyurethane condoms can be opted for by those with latex allergy but they do not provide protection against some STDs like HPV. Extra thin condoms are available for those who want enhanced sensation but slight reduction in puncture resistance. Flavored and studded condoms are available for those seeking varieties other than plain ones. Then there are female condoms which are inserted in vagina prior to intercourse and provide similar protective effects as male condoms.
Correct Use is Key for Effectiveness
For condom to be effective barriers against pregnancy and STDs, it is essential they are used properly and correctly each time. First check the expiry date and do not use if the packing is torn or damaged. Hold the tip of the condom while rolling it down the erect penis. Leave about half an inch space at the tip for semen to collect. Smooth out any air bubbles. Use adequate lubrication for comfort. Withdraw the penis soon after ejaculation while holding the base of the condom to prevent spillage. Dispose off carefully in regular waste. Always use a fresh condom for each act of intercourse. Even a single mistake can reduce protection significantly. Correct and consistent use provides near 98% effectiveness against pregnancy.
Myths, Misconceptions and Challenges
Despite proven benefits, condom usage has certain myths and misconceptions that pose challenges. Some erroneous beliefs are that condoms reduce sensation, are permissible only by unmarried, or their use implies lack of trust in relationship. Some people also believe wrongly that viral STDs cannot be prevented by condoms even though research shows it provides good protection against HIV, herpes, chlamydia etc. when used correctly. Lack of access due to social taboos, cost especially for the underprivileged sections and reduced sensation due to correct use are some challenges too. However, safety should be prioritized over sensation always. Promoting sex education can help address many myths while making condoms more affordable and accessible to all.
Condom continue to be the most used contraceptive method worldwide for their dual benefits of pregnancy and disease prevention. When used correctly and consistently, condoms offer nearly perfect protection against unwanted pregnancy and considerably good shield against most STDs. Despite some social challenges and limitations, continuous advancements are improving materials, designs and varied choices available today. Correct condom usage must be promoted through sex education especially among youth to curb rising rates of unwanted pregnancies and STDs. Along with other preventive measures, condoms can play a key role in promoting sexual and reproductive health if myths are dispelled and accessibility is enhanced.