A laboratory information system (LIS) refers to software that laboratories use to manage data related to patient samples and test results. Core functions of an LIS include test ordering, specimen tracking, result validation and reporting, result archiving, and interface with other hospital systems. Laboratory Information Systems have evolved tremendously over the past few decades from offline, standalone systems to integrated, network-based digital platforms.
Moving from Manual to Digital Processes
In the past, many labs relied exclusively on manual systems like paper requisition forms, handwritten logs, and physical filing of results. This made tasks like sample tracking and result retrieval very time-consuming. Transcription errors also posed serious quality and safety issues. The adoption of LIS helped address these challenges by automating key workflows and storing all data in centralized digital databases. Test orders and results no longer needed to be manually recorded or filed away. Digital workflows provided efficiency gains and eliminated risks from manual handling of samples and documentation.
Enhanced Workflow Management
Modern LIS provide sophisticated tools for workflow management. Tests can be automatically routed based on parameters like specimen type, tests requested, and lab sections. Built-in algorithms help prioritize STAT orders and ensure they are processed on priority. Automated tracking of sample location makes it easy to locate specimens. Digital dashboards give real-time visibility into workload and turnaround times to optimize staff assignments. Automated verifications and validations reduce manual checks and prevent transcription errors.
Streamlined Interdepartmental Communication
LIS have helped streamline communication between different departments in a healthcare organization. Interfaces allow test orders to be placed directly from electronic health records or physician order entry systems. Completed results are automatically sent back and updated in patient charts. This bi-directional exchange eliminates manual requests for tests and manual entry of results. Interfaces with radiology and pharmacy systems further facilitate integrated patient care. Automated critical result notifications improve safety by ensuring urgent values are communicated to clinicians without delays.
Enhanced Data Management and Analytics
Advanced LIS come equipped with powerful analytics tools and clinical decision support capabilities. Aggregated test data and trends can provide useful insights for quality control, utilization reviews, and test menu optimization. Test algorithms and reference ranges can be programmed into the system for automated result interpretations. This aids in differential diagnosis and clinical validation of abnormal values. Connectivity to research databases supports greater bioinformatics applications and clinical research. Longitudinal tracking of individual patients also facilitates monitoring of disease progression or response to treatment over time.
Increased Compliance and Standardization
With all information electronically captured and tracked, labs can more easily comply with regulatory requirements for record keeping, quality control, equipment maintenance, and proficiency testing. Digital workflows and validations help optimize standard operating procedures and reduce variance. Centralized digital management also facilitates accreditation surveys and audits by providing instant access to records. Switching between multiple integrated sites is streamlined through common architecture and data formats. This improves operational consistency across large, multi-lab networks.
Enhanced Access to Patient Information
A major benefit of modern LIS is the ability to access complete patient historical information from any connected location. Authorized providers can retrieve previous test results, track outstanding orders, and review analyzer maintenance logs right from their devices. This allows for efficient test interpretation and clinical decision making regardless of physical location. During emergencies, access to comprehensive lab records can aid in time-critical diagnosis and treatment decisions. Digital information exchange also facilitates care coordination across multi-provider teams.
Future Outlook and Opportunities
As Laboratory Information Systems evolve further into comprehensive digital ecosystems, new opportunities will emerge. Greater interoperability through open APIs will support test ordering direct from EHRs of any vendor. Advanced algorithms using artificial intelligence and machine learning will automate more complex tasks like identifying critical outliers and interpreting complex result patterns. Genomic and molecular test data integration will expand diagnostic and research capabilities. Cloud-based solutions will provide scalable access globally. While digital transformation of labs through LIS has brought immense benefits already, even greater advancements are on the horizon to enhance efficiency, quality and patient outcomes.
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1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research
2. We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it